Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Essay

The problem associated with this case is whether or not the company should introduce a new energy beverage brand into the market. If a profitable market opportunity exists for the company to enter the energy beverage market the next step would be to identify a target market and marketing mix along with a product line and brand positioning. The best opportunity for the company to gain market share is to target adult energy drinkers from ages 35 to 54 since none of the competitors are catering towards this segment. Bottlers, distributors, and retailers are unlikely to produce and stock more than two SKUs of a new energy drink brand so it would be best to introduce a regular 16ounce single-serve package that consists of two different flavors. Since regular energy beverages hold 80% share of the market selecting regular is best, and since the 16ounce energy drinks represent 50% of case sales in convenience stores and want a high turnover to maintain prevalence in convenience stores its best to go with a 16ounce size. Also having two different flavors to choose from will help increase chance of trial rather than have only one flavor and have regular and sugar free or have one flavor and two different sizes. In positioning the brand the company should differentiate the energy drink from competitors by basis of packaging and select the 16.9ounce single-serve aluminum bottle with a resealable screw cap, and also by ingredients in having lower carbohydrates in the formulation. The energy brand should be distributed to all types of off-premise retailers where beverages are sold for maximum sales. The company’s U.S. media expenditure should be $12.6 million, equal to that of Tag Energy’s U.S. media expenditure which lead to a 2.3% dollar market share, because Tag Energy was also new to the energy beverage market and targeted to a certain demographic the company should experience a similar result. The manufacturer’s suggested retail selling price should be $2.29. Higher than the average $2.00 per single-serve because of it’s unique  point of difference – lower carbohydrates and aluminum bottle with resealable screw cap. Market sales potential for the company’s target market is equal to $1.608 (Exhibit 1) billion and market sales forecast is equal to $133.202 million (Exhibit 2). With a retail trade margin equal to 40% the company’s selling price to retailers would be $.961 (Exhibit 3). Thus from the market sales forecast of $133.202 million the company would receive $79.921 million in revenue, and with the company’s contribution margin of 30% total profit would be equal to $22.378 million (Exhibit 4).

Current Issues in Business Law

Business law really tends to describe an extensive body of bylaws that tend to govern the business transactions. Business law also includes every major aspect of trade together with the advertising as well as marketing collection plus the bankruptcy, contracts, banking, secured transactions, negotiable instruments and trade as a general rule.It is sometimes considered as a branch of communal law however it deals with issues of public along with private law. Business law covers foreign and domestic trade hence it tends to regulate business among the states. In this same connection, there is a uniform commercial code which has by now been adopted in all the parts of every state within the United States which tends to be the main primary authority which governs the business transactions.Despite the fact that uniform commercial code normally controls so many aspects of domestic commercial law, state laws and other common law of contracts, it at the same time applies to other types of bus iness transactions which tend to arise as far as business is concerned. Consequently, business law is a very essential component of within this particular area.Even if the trade world faces a continuous change, the commercial laws have remained static in general. As a consequence, commercial law is not only uniform throughout the US but as well to those people who normally do business are at the position of proceeding with business transactions with some degree of confidence towards the law which governs these particular business transactions (Samuel, 2008).Commercial law encompasses titles as agent and principal, carriage by both sea as well as land. It is as well known because it regulates hiring practices, business contracts, manufacturing and the retailing of consumer goods. Thus there are so many countries which have really adopted the civil codes because these codes contain complete statements of their own business law.Looking back at the United States, business law is the mai n zone for the United States Congress beneath its powers to govern and rule the interstate business as well as other states under the authority of the police. These days they are really trying quite harder to create an amalgamated body of business law within the United States. They are going to succeed since they actually adopted the consistent commercial code.This identical commercial code has made things much easier as far as business law is concerned. However, there are quite a number of authoritarian schemes that tend to govern and control on the way business is supposed to be conducted. Some of the authoritarian schemes that control are the safety laws, privacy laws, and drug and food laws among others (Samuel, 2008).So many small and middle sized businesses currently lack the financial strength to make payments in the potential wrongful release awards in lump sum. So many labor and groups on employment defend successfully those businesses that are established well and mid size businesses from claims pertaining to wrongful removal from office from former employees.Whenever they seem not to be succeeding in the lawsuit, it seems like the company is forced in one way or the other into bankruptcy removing all the present workers from the office. Such cases are so many compared to previous days. Such developments are equally resulting in extensive businesses that survey the likelihood of gaining protection through the purchase of wrongful dismissal insurance.The current business law these days is very essential because it really helps people to realize the business ethics. It assists them to follow these business ethics in running their businesses in a proper and authenticated manner. This has to be in an agreement with the set of laws and guideline prevailing within the society.However, business law is mostly offered to those people who are intending to set up nice businesses together with an authenticated business registration and license in the future. Thi s is what makes the business law studies extraordinary essential. So many customers are very comfortable in doing their businesses as long as they have a government license at hand as well as an approval stamp for their individual businesses.However, the government policy that issues licenses is actually not complex. It is always very necessary that the business law studies are really considered very carefully. Currently business law studies are taught by the professionals who are experts in business law consultancy.These professionals normally plan a course structure which can assist an individual in realizing his business law obligations together with the rules which are applied into the business trade system. Current business laws help all the individuals in setting up their businesses in the future. These businesses do well because the owners are experienced and educated on how to carry them on. They use the knowledge to expand their type of businesses hence they are able to par ticipate in the market (Emmanuel, 2001).Any case study of business law tends to teach a business, a good manner in which the business is going to be initiated. Business processes have got so many matters for example the copyright issues, legalized marketing of the business, registration fees and so on. The business law case studies really focus on business activity.So many packages and relief are obtainable by trading and this will enable an individual to learn more about the methods of getting the governmental facilities. It involves tax cuts, tax write off, getting funds as well as government loans together with the raising any business right from franchise. To take a business law case study assists an individual to the greatest out of the facilities that the government has given to the business.Consequently, business law is very necessary for those people who need to run any line of business within the law agencies as well as the consultancy firms. An individual is actually taugh t all the main aspects of trade law plus the ethics. This automatically provides a person with a chance to begin a career as a legal advisor, consultant for very big budget businesses as well as trade mechanism.These days, business law is very important for very tiny businesses because these businesses are operated on a very limited financial resource because they are some kind of self employment. However, the government tries so much to encourage such small businesses as well as devises extraordinary laws, restricted to small business. Currently the tax cut offs are so much for these small businesses (Emmanuel, 2001).The modern commercial law has enabled business countries on civil and common law system to become more considerable in the extensive use of business arbitration that is comparable to the former private courts of merchants. In the United States, they are having similar commercial statutes that tend to smooth the progress of the business from end to end of a particular n ation.Certainly, Europe business law is still a separate subject matter due to its special courts. During the time when the business law got adopted by the state meeting during the year 1997, it appeared like a watershed within the country’s financial reforms.In any busy profit-making world, the business which is operated nicely must equally involve the agents.   Business law normally represents the emergent and ordinary morality of all the human beings. All the businesses are however seeking to partner themselves with the prevailing customs in proclaiming as right only whereby all the businesses perceive to be always right.They tend to be right in enforcing as law the rules that are considered by the great number of people or very powerful to be moral and just. For the reason that business law is and it is still supposed to be reflective in prevailing morality, societal control over the businesses is very necessary. The aim is self control which is based on the person†™s own moral philosophy (Manfred, 1929).As a matter of fact, all the business activities happen in an officially authorized system framework. Business law places business in its lawful framework and it also develops skills in compliance, risk assessment and troubleshooting.The program on business law focuses so much on the application of law in business as well as government sectors. Business law covers a very wide part of trade, consumer and commercial transactions. However, business law underpins the operation of regulates, markets conduct in the markets as well as the addresses instances of the market failure in which voluntary business mechanisms are not able to attain relevant policy objectives.The business law practitioners really identify lawful standards as the law gradually changes and determine important policies together with the practices in meeting the legal requirements. On the other hand, commercial law regulates hiring practices, corporate contracts and the manufac ture plus the sales of customer merchandise. This law sometimes regulates their directors, corporations, corporate relations and shareholders with the third parties.There is taxation law within this context which deals with taxation of persons and the businesses. This includes income tax, goods as well as services plus a diversity of nation taxes.

Global Population Growth Creates Environmental Problems

Environmentalists don’t dispute that many if not all of the environmental problems — from climate change to species loss to overzealous resource extraction — are either caused or exacerbated by population growth. â€Å"Trends such as the loss of half of the planet’s forests, the depletion of most of its major fisheries, and the alteration of its atmosphere and climate are closely related to the fact that human population expanded from mere millions in prehistoric times to over six billion today,† says Robert Engelman of Population Action International. Although the global rate of human population growth peaked around 1963, the number of people living on Earth — and sharing finite resources like water and food — has grown by more than two-thirds since then, topping out at over seven and a half billion today, and human population is expected to exceed nine billion by 2050. With more people coming, how is this going to affect the environment further? Population Growth Causes Multiple Environmental Problems According to Population Connection, population growth since 1950 is behind the clearing of 80 percent of rainforests, the loss of tens of thousands of plant and wildlife species, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions of some 400 percent, and the development or commercialization of as much as half of the Earth’s surface land. The group fears that in the coming decades half of the world’s population will be exposed to water-stress or â€Å"water-scarce† conditions, which are expected to â€Å"intensify difficulties in meeting...consumption levels, and wreak devastating effects on our delicately balanced ecosystems.† In less developed countries, lack of access to birth control, as well as cultural traditions that encourage women to stay home and have babies, lead to rapid population growth. The result is ever increasing numbers of poor people across Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere who suffer from malnourishment, lack of clean water, overcrowding, inadequate shelter, and AIDS and other diseases. And while population numbers in most developed nations are leveling off or diminishing today, high levels of consumption make for a huge drain on resources. Americans, for instance, who represent only four percent of world population, consume 25 percent of all resources. Industrialized countries also contribute far more to climate change, ozone depletion, and overfishing than developing countries. And as more and more residents of developing countries get access to Western media, or immigrate to the United States, they want to emulate the consumption-heavy lifestyles they see on their televisions and read about on the Internet. How Changing U.S. Policy Could Offset Environmental Harm Worldwide Given the overlap of population growth and environmental problems, many would like to see a change in U.S. policy on global family planning. In 2001, President George W. Bush instituted what some call the â€Å"global gag rule,† whereby foreign organizations that provide or endorse abortions were denied U.S. funding support. Environmentalists considered that stance to be shortsighted because support for family planning is the most effective way to check population growth and relieve pressure on the planet’s environment, and as a result, the global gag rule was rescinded in 2009 by President Obama but put back in place by Donald Trump in 2017. If only the United States would lead by example by cutting down on consuming, reducing deforestation practices, and relying more on renewable resources in our policies and practices, perhaps the rest of the world would follow suit — or, in some cases, lead the way and the U.S. follow — to ensure a better future for the planet.

Charles Hamilton Houston Civil Rights Attorney and Mentor

Overview When attorney Charles Hamilton Houston wanted show the inequality of segregation, he did not only present arguments in a courtroom. While arguing Brown v. Board of Education, Houston took a camera throughout South Carolina to identify examples of inequality existing in African-American and white public schools.   In the documentary The Road to Brown, judge Juanita Kidd Stout described Houston’s strategy by saying, ...All right, if you want it separate but equal, I will make it so expensive for it to be separate that you will have to abandon your separateness.   Key Achievements First African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review.Served as Dean of Howard University Law School.Helped dismantle Jim Crow laws as the litigation direction of the NAACP.Trained future U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood Marshall. Early Life and Education Houston was born on September 3, 1895 in Washington DC. Houston’s father, William, was an attorney and his mother, Mary was a hairstylist and seamstress. Following a graduation from M Street High School, Houston attended Amherst College in Massachusetts. Houston was a member of Phi Betta Kappa and when he graduated in 1915, he was the class valedictorian. Two years later, Houston joined the U.S. Army and trained in Iowa. While serving in the army, Houston was deployed to France where his experiences with racial discrimination fueled his interest in studying law. In 1919 Houston returned to the United States and began studying law at Harvard Law School. Houston became the first African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review and was mentored by Felix Frankfurter, who would later serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. When Houston graduated in 1922, he was received the Frederick Sheldon Fellowship which allowed him to continue studying law at the University of Madrid. Attorney, Law Educator and Mentor Houston returned to the United States in 1924 and joined his father’s law practice. He also joined the faculty of Howard University School of Law. He would go on to become the school’s dean where he would mentor future lawyers such as Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill. Both Marshall and Hill were recruited by Houston to work for the NAACP and its legal efforts. Yet it was Houston’s work with the NAACP that allowed him to rise to prominence as an attorney. Recruited by Walter White, Houston began working the NAACP as its first special counsel in the early 1930s.   For the next twenty years, Houston played an integral role in civil rights cases brought before the U.S. Supreme Court. His strategy for defeating Jim Crow laws was by showing that the inequities present in â€Å"separate but equal† policy established by Plessy v. Ferguson  in 1896. In cases such as Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, Houston argued that was unconstitutional for Missouri to discriminate against African-American students wishing to enroll in the state’s law school since there was no comparable institution for students of color. While waging civil rights battles, Houston also mentored future lawyers such as Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill at Howard University School of Law. Both Marshall and Hill were recruited by Houston to work for the NAACP and its legal efforts. Although Houston died before the Brown v. Board of Education decision was handed down, his strategies were used by Marshall and Hill. Death Houston died in 1950 in Washington D.C. In his honor, the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice at Harvard Law School opened in 2005.

President Obama’s Diplomatic Style Toward Africa Putting...

A NEW APPROACH TO AFRICA The world was watching as the son of an African settled into his position in the oval office. And it did not take long for the world to find reason to be disappointed. Within the first year of his presidency journalists in Africa, Europe, and the U.S. were reporting on his lack of involvement with Africa. Comparisons between Bush and Obama were focused on foreign assistance and the HIV/AIDS relief program. Many were wondering why there was no ground breaking initiative from Washington to Africa and these questions have turned to abandon in his second term. It would not be wrong to say that George W. Bush probably did more for this continent. Theres a growing realization that Obama has no desire to be some kind†¦show more content†¦There are many aspects of Obama’s style that are reminiscent of his predecessors and we see many initiatives and policies that Bush and Clinton enacted that Obama is in full support of. But there is a great deal of c hange in the presidential style when it comes to engagement with African nations, leaders, and citizens. Obama’s rhetoric has always had a sense of affection and trust for the African people. Like a parent or older sibling, he deeply understands that hovering is never as powerful as confidence and faith in a person’s ability to do the right thing and prosper. Obama is entrusting the future of Africa to Africans themselves and he expects them to fully own this responsibility. His statements from long before his presidency have shown this belief. In 2006 he told the Associated Press that, Ultimately, a new generation of Africans have to recognize the international community, the international relief organizations or the United States cant help Africa if its own leaders are undermining the possibilities of progress. This is a hard message for people all over the world to swallow when the opposing message of giving alms to this, the poorest of continents, is a message str ongly promoted by celebrities and governments alike. But with evidence revealing that aid can actually deepen the poverty of Africans and slows the growth of nations, perhaps this new approach is a breath of fresh air for everyone. In the last decade a flood of research

Differentiate between Inferior goods and Giffen goods in the context of income effect and substitution effect free essay sample

In economics, an inferior good is a good that decreases in demand when consumer income rises, unlike normal goods, for which the opposite is observed. Normal goods are those for which consumers demand increases when their income increases. This would be the opposite of a superior good, one that is often associated with wealth and the wealthy, whereas an inferior good is often associated with lower socio-economic groups. In economics and consumer theory, a Giffen good is one which people paradoxically consume more of as the price rises, violating the law of demand. In normal situations, as the price of a good rises, the substitution effect causes consumers to purchase less of it and more of substitute goods. In the Giffen good situation, the income effect dominates, leading people to buy more of the good, even as its price rises. All Giffen goods are inferior goods, but not all inferior goods are Giffen goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Differentiate between Inferior goods and Giffen goods in the context of income effect and substitution effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Giffen goods are difficult to find because a number of conditions must be satisfied for the associated behavior to be observed. One reason for the difficulty in finding Giffen goods that is Giffen originally envisioned a specific situation faced by individuals in a state of poverty. Modern consumer behavior research methods often deal in aggregates that average out income levels and are too blunt an instrument to capture these specific situations. Furthermore, complicating the matter are the requirements for limited availability of substitutes, as well as that the consumers are not so poor that they can only afford the inferior good. It is for this reason that many text books use the term Giffen paradox rather than Giffen good. Income Effect The income effect is defined as the result of a change in a products price relative to the consumers disposable income. When the price of a good changes, the real, or actual, income of the consumer who wants that good changes. If the price goes up, then the consumer is worse off, since he has less disposable income. Therefore, he can buy less of the good, or not buy it at all. Substitution Effect The substitution effect occurs when, as the result of a price increase, the consumer will substitute another product in its place, or forgo the product altogether. This concept, however, depends on what sort of product has gone up in price, and how the consumer views that product. If the product is a necessity, then the substitution effect will become clear, since the consumer, who cannot do without the product, will shift, or substitute, a lower-cost version of the same item. A special type of inferior good may exist known as the Giffen good, which would disobey the law of demand. Quite simply, when the price of a Giffen good increases, the demand for that good increases. This would have to be a good that is such a large proportion of a person or markets consumption that the income effect of a price increase would produce, effectively, more demand. The observed demand curve would slope upward, indicating positive elasticity. It was noted by Sir Robert Giffen III that in Ireland during the 19th century there was a rise in the price of bread. The poor people were forced to reduce their consumption of meat and expensive items as eggs etc. Now bread being still the cheapest food, so they started consuming more of it though its price was rising. This phenomenon is often described as Giffens Paradox. Conditions for Giffen goods Total consumption on the good forms a large part of the budget The total amount the consumer spends on the good should form a large fraction of the consumers budget. Only in such a case does an increase in the price of the good create a budget shortage significant enough to cause a shift in other consumption patterns. In other words, an increase in its price should produce a significant income effect. The good must be inferior The good must be an inferior good in order for the budget shortage on the part of consumers to cause an increase in consumption. In other words, the good must be inferior for the income effect to increase its consumption due to substitution away from costly and superior alternatives. Close substitutes must be absent but not-so-close substitutes must exist Finally, the cost difference with substitutes must be sufficiently substantial that even with the increase in price, it is still attractive as an inferior good. In other words, the substitution effect created by an increase in its relative price should be too small to counter the income effect created by the increased costs. Alternative explanations for apparent Giffen goods Just because the quantity demanded for a good increases with increases in its price does not imply that the good is a Giffen good. To qualify as a Giffen good, the quantity demanded must increase despite the fact that the substitution effect works against it: in other words, the value that buyers place on the good does not increase. Substitution and Income Effect: These two terms are very familiar to anybody who has taken an intermediate course in macroeconomics. With the recent articles regarding volunteerism and labor statistics, I thought that it was very timely to write on these two very important concepts. Let’s start with a thought experiment: if you were to receive a 10% increase in your hourly wage, would you increase, decrease, or maintain your hours worked? Believe it or not, any answer is correct, despite many assumptions regarding the positive slope of labor supply curves. The reason that any answer is correct lies in an understanding of substitution and income effects. The substitution effect is the change in consumption patterns due to a change in the relative prices of goods. For example, if private universities increase their tuition by 10% and public universities increase their tuition by only 2%, then it is very likely that we would see a shift in attendance from private to public universities (at least amongst students accepted to both). The same can be said across brands, goods, and even categories of goods. Examples would be the relative price of Pepsi vs. Coke, Red Meat vs. Poultry and Clothes vs. Entertainment. The income effect is the change in consumption patterns due to the change in purchasing power. This can occur from income increases, price changes, or even currency fluctuations. Since income is not a good in and of it (it can only be exchanged for goods and services, a point which has been debated recently by neuroeconomists), price decreases increase one’s purchasing power. For example, a decrease in the price of all cars allows you to buy either a cheaper car or a better car for the same price, thus increasing your utility. Goods typically fall into one of two categories: normal and inferior. These categorizations relate consumption of a good with a particular individual’s income. Normal goods increase in consumption as income increase while inferior goods decrease as income increases. Also, some goods can be normal or inferior only on certain ranges of an income spectrum. For example, education is a normal good: as one’s income increases (family income), demand for education increases. As one’s income increases, hot dog consumption, however, typically decreases. References

Smoking And Panic Disorder Essays - Smoking, Panic Disorder

Smoking And Panic Disorder Healthcentral.com printed an article citing smoking as a cause of panic attacks. In this article, Reuters Health states that daily smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to experience a panic attack for the first time. Panic attacks may include all or some of the following symptoms: shortness of breath, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, nausea, and chest pain. Quitting smoking appears to somewhat reduce the risk of panic attacks. Each year, one third of adults have at least one panic attack. In addition, smoking has also been linked to depression, which can definitely cause a person to become easily frustrated and overwhelmed, possibly causing these unfortunate panic attacks to occur. The first survey was taken of 1,007 people aged 21-30 who are members of a Michigan HMO group. The other survey took a national sample of 4,411 people aged 15-54 years old. In both groups, daily smokers were much more likely to have experienced a first occurrence of a panic attack. In the HMO group, daily smokers had three times the risk of nonsmokers of having panic attacks. In the national sample, smokers' risk of the attacks was twice that of nonsmokers. Additionally, quitting smoking lowered the risk of panic attacks. The article states that the original experiment does not explain how smoking might lead to panic attacks, but smoking's effect on the lungs might be to blame. There are other explanations for the relationship. Smokers who develop respiratory problems, even mild ones, which affect breathing might get a false sensation that they are suffocating. This might lead to a panic attack. Additionally, the effect of nicotine on the brain may also provide an explanation for these findings.